Art of Lapidary.

WHAT IS LAPIDARY?
The word lapidary is derived from the lapis or stone and means “of or pertaining to stones” or “one who cuts and polishes Stones”. Not all stones are worthy of cutting and polishing and although all can be cut by one method or another the lapidary is concerned only with those stones that are capable of being polished.
Essentially the lapidary process is one of shaping the material with a coarse grinding wheel or disc; then regrinding to obtain a smoother surface until a glossy surface is obtained. The polishing operation is done with various mineral oxides. Some compounds work well on one kind of stone while other compounds work on other kinds of stones. Tumbling is lapidary treatment given to irregularly shaped stones by a mechanical process of continuous agitation or “tumbling” of the stones with a series of coarse to fine grits usually with water and culminating with the polishing of the baroque shapes. Tumble stones are inexpensive and are used in simple jewelry, as “feely” stones and for making novelty items such as key chains and “critters”.
Among the many other types of treatment given gem materials the beginner usually learns first how to cut and polish a cabochon. The cabochon or for short “the cab” is a gem with a flat back, rounded or domed top. It can be round, square, rectangular, or oval in outline. Colored, opaque or patterned stone or stones displaying some interesting phenomena are usually cut as cabs. Jade, petrified wood, agate, and opal are examples of stones that are usually cut “en cabochon”.
Transparent colored or colorless gems are most frequently faceted. This is characterized by a number of flat polished surfaces arranged in such a way that the stone reflects light which enters the stone through the polished surfaces, back to the viewer in hundreds of sparkles. The reflections may be colored as in a colored stone, white as in a clear stone, or in many hues as in a diamond or rutile. The rainbow colors are caused by light being broken up into its component colors within the stone.

I thank Taogem  http://gemstone.smfforfree4.com  for the use of this article.

Tags: artisans, crystal, gems, handcrafted, Handmade, lapidary

Posted in Information